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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre met in Oslo, upgrading bilateral ties to a 'Green Strategic Partnership'. The discussions focused on geopolitical conflicts, the recently signed (TEPA) with the (EFTA), and expanding cooperation in green technology, blue economy, and development assistance for the Global South.
The transition to a Green Strategic Partnership signifies a shift in India-Nordic relations, moving beyond traditional diplomacy towards collaboration on sustainable development and technology. The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) agreement, signed previously, is a key component, aiming to attract significant investment and create jobs in India. The discussions highlighting differences on geopolitical issues, particularly the Russia-Ukraine conflict, underscore the complexities of navigating multipolarity. Norway's implicit criticism of countries 'weaponizing' trade and technology points to concerns over unilateralism and protectionism by major powers, emphasizing the need for a rules-based international order. This partnership allows India to leverage Norwegian expertise in areas like green shipping and renewable energy, crucial for its own climate commitments, while navigating differing perspectives on global conflicts.
The economic dimension of the visit is heavily focused on the implementation and potential of the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) signed with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The TEPA is notable as it includes a commitment from EFTA countries, including Norway, to promote $100 billion in investments and generate one million jobs in India over 15 years. This highlights a shift from traditional Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) to broader economic partnerships encompassing investment and technology transfer. The collaboration targets specific sectors like the blue economy (sustainable use of ocean resources) and green shipping, areas where Norway possesses advanced technology and capital. Furthermore, Norway's offer of alternative oil and gas supplies presents an opportunity for India to diversify its energy security sources, reducing reliance on single suppliers amidst global volatility.
The signing of a Triangular Development Cooperation agreement marks a significant step in India's role as a voice for the Global South. By partnering with Norway, a traditional donor nation, India transitions from a recipient to a partner in providing development assistance to other developing nations. This aligns with India's broader foreign policy objective of south-south cooperation and capacity building. The MoUs in Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) highlight India's success in this area (like UPI and Aadhaar) and its potential for export or adaptation in other countries, leveraging Norwegian partnerships. The emphasis on shared democratic values and resolving differences through dialogue, despite differing stances on specific issues like Ukraine, reinforces the principles of democratic governance in international relations.