India has never allowed import of genetically modified products, will never open dairy sector: Piyush Goyal

The Minister's statement highlights India's defensive interests in trade negotiations, particularly concerning agriculture and dairy. Agriculture supports a massive portion of India's population, primarily small and marginal farmers. Opening the dairy sector or allowing GM imports from developed nations with highly subsidized and mechanized farming could lead to import surges of cheap products, depressing domestic prices and devastating rural livelihoods. Conversely, India pursues offensive interests by seeking preferential market access in FTAs for sectors where it holds a comparative advantage, such as textiles, pharmaceuticals, and gems and jewellery. The goal is to secure lower tariffs for Indian goods compared to competitors like Vietnam or China, boosting exports towards the ambitious target of $1 trillion by 2026-27.

The refusal to import GM products touches upon food safety, environmental risks, and regulatory frameworks governed by the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. India exercises extreme caution with GM crops due to concerns about their long-term impact on biodiversity, potential monopolization of seeds by multinational corporations, and the lack of conclusive consensus on human health impacts. Furthermore, the ban on dairy products utilizing animal-derived rennet demonstrates how socio-cultural and religious sensitivities influence trade policy. The requirement for strict certification aligns with FSSAI regulations ensuring food products respect the dietary practices of a large segment of the Indian population.

India's firm stance on these 'sensitive' issues frequently becomes a sticking point in bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations, particularly with nations like the U.S., which have strong interests in exporting GM agricultural and dairy products. This friction illustrates the complexity of negotiating Free Trade Agreements, where balancing domestic protectionism with the need for global market integration is a constant challenge. Furthermore, the Minister's comment about indigenizing tunnel boring machines in response to potential Chinese export controls underscores a strategic shift towards Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliance) and reducing dependency on single-source suppliers for critical infrastructure equipment, mitigating supply chain vulnerabilities in a volatile geopolitical climate.