Outer space should remain realm for cooperation, not conflict: MP Sudha Murty tells UNGA

This development underscores India's evolving role in global space governance. India is advocating for a legally binding framework, specifically the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) treaty, negotiated multilaterally at the Conference on Disarmament. This stance is crucial because outer space is increasingly viewed as a contested domain, with major powers developing counter-space capabilities (like anti-satellite weapons). India's emphasis on a 'universally acceptable, verifiable' instrument highlights the difficulty in verifying space behaviour, a major hurdle in arms control. The statement also reflects India's attempt to balance its security needs (acknowledging the 'security dimensions' of its space program) with its traditional stance as a proponent of peaceful use of global commons. UPSC often asks about India's role in shaping international regimes; understanding India's preference for legally binding treaties over non-binding norms in space security is key.

The statement highlights the reality of dual-use space technologies, where assets designed for civilian or commercial use (like satellites for communication or Earth observation) can also have military applications. This complicates the distinction between peaceful and military uses of space. India's recent technological milestones, such as the successful lunar landing (Chandrayaan-3) and the upcoming Gaganyaan (human spaceflight) mission, along with plans for the Bharatiya Antariksha Station (national space station), elevate its status as a major space-faring nation. This increased capability gives India a stronger voice in international forums shaping space laws. For Mains, candidates should analyze how India's technological advancements necessitate a proactive diplomatic approach to ensure the sustainability and security of the space environment, particularly mitigating risks like space debris and the potential for miscalculation.

From a governance perspective, the focus is on the creation and enforcement of international law regulating global commons. India advocates that multiple, overlapping standards created by various forums focusing on space security should be avoided, as this leads to fragmentation and confusion in global governance. Furthermore, as a developing nation, India stressed that any new regulations must not hinder the exchange of scientific research or technological development for peaceful purposes. This reflects a common concern among developing countries that restrictive international regimes, often driven by developed nations, might disproportionately limit their access to critical technologies. Understanding this dynamic is important for essays or GS-2 questions on global governance structures and the interests of the Global South.