US, India expanding cooperation in defence, civil nuclear sector, says senior US official

The US-India relationship has evolved into a Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership, driven by shared democratic values and converging strategic interests, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region. This expanding cooperation, highlighted by the recent remarks, underscores a shift from a buyer-seller dynamic to one of co-development and co-production in defence. The mention of strengthening supply chains is crucial in the context of global efforts towards de-risking or reducing reliance on single sources, particularly China. This aligns with India's strategic autonomy and its push for self-reliance under the Make in India initiative. The reference to the Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) is vital, as it elevates the partnership beyond traditional defence, focusing on areas like AI, quantum computing, and semiconductors, making it a key pillar of the bilateral ties.

The transition in defence ties is marked by several foundational agreements, such as LEMOA, COMCASA, and BECA, which have enhanced interoperability (the ability of different military organizations to conduct joint operations) between the two militaries. The acquisition of US defence equipment like Apache and Chinook helicopters, P-8I maritime patrol aircraft, and M777 howitzers demonstrates a growing trust and integration. The recent focus on expanding cooperation across all domains, including the critical areas of space and cyberspace, reflects a modern approach to warfare and strategic deterrence. The shift towards emerging technologies like AI is significant, as these dual-use technologies will shape future military capabilities. The UPSC often focuses on the implications of these agreements on India's strategic posture and its impact on regional security dynamics.

Civil nuclear cooperation has been a cornerstone of the modern US-India relationship, initiated by the landmark India-US Civil Nuclear Agreement (123 Agreement) in 2008. However, progress has been slow, primarily due to concerns of foreign suppliers over India's Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, which places liability on suppliers in case of a nuclear accident. The article mentions the easing of these liability laws, likely referencing efforts to create an insurance pool or clarify the implementation rules, encouraging American nuclear companies to explore opportunities in India. This renewed interest is critical for India's energy security and its transition towards clean energy to meet its climate commitments. The UPSC often tests the nuances of India's nuclear doctrine, the history of the civil nuclear deal, and the legal framework governing nuclear liability.